系统综述支持以下观点：目前尚无其他替代测试能够取代排除饮食测试和口服食物激发试验来诊断犬类食物不良反应。 机翻

中文关键词（术语机标，非人工翻译）：异位性皮炎 · 皮肤病 · 口腔/牙周疾病 · 肥胖/营养代谢 · 实验室检查 · 营养学

摘要

Adverse food reactions in dogs are clinically heterogeneous and overlap with canine atopic dermatitis, and diagnosis still relies on an elimination diet test followed by oral food challenge (EDT+OFC). Numerous allergen-specific tests have been proposed, but their diagnostic value remains controversial. Our objective was to identify, synthesize, and critically evaluate the diagnostic tests used or investigated for canine food allergy, with emphasis on their clinical validity, applicability, and agreement with the EDT+OFC reference standard.

In accordance with PRISMA (ie, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines, Scopus and PubMed were searched without publication-year restrictions, and records were independently screened in duplicate at the title, abstract, and full-text stages.

A meta-analysis was not feasible owing to heterogeneity. Fifty-nine studies (1986 to 2025) from 16 countries were included and grouped into elimination/provocation diets and serological, cutaneous, cellular, and molecular tests. The most consistently validated approach remained EDT+OFC. Serological IgG/IgE (and salivary) tests were poorly correlated with clinical outcome; the standardized patch test showed the best cutaneous performance (high negative predictive value), cellular tests (lymphocyte proliferation) showed the closest concordance with the OFC, and molecular/proteomic methods advanced allergen characterization and the understanding of cross-reactivity.

No alternative test reliably replaces EDT+OFC. Although patch testing may seem beneficial, its practical value is limited, and cellular assays represent a promising area for future biomarker research; standardized protocols and well-designed prospective studies are needed.

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