阿霉素诱导的犬心脏毒性：叙述性综述。 机翻

中文关键词（术语机标，非人工翻译）：心脏病 · 心力衰竭 · 淋巴瘤/肿瘤 · 肥胖/营养代谢 · 多柔比星/化疗 · 影像诊断 · 行为学 · 寄生虫防控

摘要

Doxorubicin, an anthracycline widely used in both human and veterinary oncology, is highly effective against a variety of malignancies in dogs, including lymphomas, sarcomas and carcinomas. Despite its efficacy, doxorubicin exposure can be associated with cardiotoxicity, which may present acutely or chronically, potentially leading to severe cardiac arrhythmia and congestive heart failure. Mechanisms underlying cardiotoxicity are multifactorial, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage via topoisomerase IIβ, inflammation and dysregulated cell death pathways such as apoptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. In dogs, known risk factors include higher cumulative dose, breed predisposition to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, and higher body weight. Cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiography, echocardiography and other advanced imaging techniques have been employed to detect cardiac changes that can be seen also in the absence of clinical signs. However, current evidence is predominantly derived from experimental and retrospective research, highlighting the need for large prospective clinical studies to strengthen recommendations for monitoring and prevention. A deeper understanding of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in dogs is needed to identify factors influencing individual susceptibility, clarify the progression from subclinical damage to clinical cardiac dysfunction, and guide future research. Emerging approaches, including advanced echocardiography, microRNAs, proteomic biomarkers and pharmacokinetic modelling, may help improve early detection and guide more individualised dosing to minimise toxicity.

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